In 2004, a developer had an idea to create a downtown where one had never existed before \u2014 in the suburbs of San Marcos. <\/p>\n
The area, adjacent to California State University San Marcos, now spans 200 acres of urban density with a walkable village charm. Thousands of homes, dozens of acres of parks and open spaces, restaurants, shops and offices have been springing up in the new downtown for the past several years. <\/p>\n
On any given afternoon, students spill out of The Quad, professionals work from open-air co-working spaces and locals gather for the weekly farmers market. <\/p>\n
It\u2019s called North City, and though construction is still ongoing, the developer and San Marcos officials hope it won\u2019t just serve as a downtown for San Marcos, but all of North County. <\/p>\n
Beyond providing a vibrant central hub, North City has served another critical purpose: helping the city make significant strides toward its housing targets. <\/p>\n
San Marcos is like no other city in San Diego County. It\u2019s on track to meet its state-mandated housing targets in three out of four categories. <\/p>\n
State housing laws require cities to make way for a certain amount of housing for people in four different income categories: very low, low, moderate and above moderate. Cities in San Diego County have until 2029 to permit enough homes to meet their goals. San Marcos is on track in every single category but \u201cvery low.\u201d<\/p>\n
In the moderate category, San Marcos has already exceeded its goal, in part because of all the development in North City. It has permitted 871 moderately-priced homes that are non-deed-restricted \u2013 meaning they aren\u2019t subsidized. Their \u201cmoderate\u201d price was set by the San Marcos housing market. <\/p>\n
How They Did It<\/p>\n
San Marcos Mayor Rebecca Jones has a two-pronged strategy: good planning and negotiating with developers toward projects that fit the city\u2019s needs. <\/p>\n
Jones has been the mayor of San Marcos since 2018 and was on the City Council for several years before that. She attributed the city\u2019s overall housing successes to good city planning. <\/p>\n
She used North City as an example. San Marcos didn\u2019t have a downtown area until city leaders created a plan for one. They envisioned a central place for different types of homes, retail spaces, offices, restaurants, recreational areas and more. <\/p>\n
When completed, the $2 billion development will create a total of 3,400 new homes. About 15 percent of those homes, roughly 400 units, will be deed restricted as affordable housing. <\/p>\n
City leaders purposefully planned for denser housing in more densely populated and central areas, Jones said. <\/p>\n
\u201cIn the more downtown urban areas, it makes sense to have a little more density,\u201d Jones said. <\/p>\n
Jones \u2013 who is a Republican and currently running for the County Board of Supervisors \u2013 said she prefers to keep high-density projects out of smaller single-family neighborhoods as much as possible. <\/p>\n
But because state housing mandates require cities to approve all proposed affordable housing projects that fit a city\u2019s general plan, city leaders can\u2019t ensure that all high-density projects will be concentrated in North City. <\/p>\n
It\u2019s the \u201cshoehorning,\u201d as Jones called it, of large projects in single-family-home neighborhoods that causes dissatisfaction and backlash from residents across North County. But Jones seems to have found a way to curb that dissatisfaction in San Marcos as much as possible. <\/p>\n
She often bargains with developers on the details of a project to ensure it is mutually beneficial to both the developer and the city\u2019s residents. <\/p>\n
\u201cMy job is to figure out how to get the best development possible. I\u2019ve had instances where they\u2019ve worked with me and sat down and we\u2019ve tried to figure out how they could build something that can fit within the parameters of what\u2019s already approved today,\u201d Jones said. \u201cI also don\u2019t want my whole entire Housing Element to be opened up because I try to say no to a project and get sued over it; that isn\u2019t beneficial to my community either.\u201d <\/p>\n
Jones thinks more elected officials should take this hands-on approach. <\/p>\n
\u201cI think most people are reasonable,\u201d she added. \u201cIf you break it down and you talk to them and you take that time, you\u2019d be surprised. Most elected officials may not want to take the time because it\u2019s a big job\u2026 We need to do more of that.\u201d <\/p>\n
Entering \u2018Phase Two\u2019<\/p>\n
Erik Bruvold, CEO of the San Diego North Economic Development Council, said that Jones\u2019 strategy of working with developers instead of trying to circumvent state housing mandates or being hyper critical of them is something elected officials are doing more often. <\/p>\n
He called this era \u201cphase two.\u201d <\/p>\n
\u201cIn phase one, I think you saw a lot of leaders be very critical about state mandates and be very frustrated with them, and so they approved any project that came across the desk kind of holding their nose,\u201d Bruvold said. \u201cI think now, we\u2019re in an interesting second phase where you see throughout North County, elected leaders who may not be all that happy with the state policies, but are now proactively working with folks within the confines of the state law to try and get projects that they feel meet community needs.\u201d <\/p>\n
He used Oceanside city leaders as another example. The City Council recently greenlit a 326-unit mixed-use project to replace the Regal movie theater downtown. The developer originally proposed a higher density of housing with less public space, but the approved revised plan will have fewer residential units in exchange for more shops and restaurants and a significantly larger public plaza. <\/p>\n
Besides San Marcos\u2019 commitment to outreach, Bruvold believes the city had the advantage of having much more open space than most other cities. <\/p>\n
\u201cI think it reflects the fact that it is just easier, particularly in California, to develop where there hasn\u2019t previously been any development,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n
Chula Vista also has more open space than most other cities and has experienced a building boom in recent years<\/a>. <\/p>\n Now, in North County, the opportunities cities have to meet their state housing goals are primarily going to be with infill projects, meaning in areas that already have high development, Bruvold said. <\/p>\n Bringing Back Redevelopment Agencies<\/p>\n But as infill developments increase, supporting infrastructure must increase, as well, Bruvold said. That\u2019s why he\u2019s an advocate of bringing back redevelopment agencies<\/a>, a tool he says is critical to funding infrastructure. <\/p>\n Redevelopment agencies were local government programs created by the state to help fix rundown neighborhoods. Over time, they became a key tool in California\u2019s affordable housing efforts. Cities could use money from property taxes to subsidize affordable housing and build infrastructure to sustain that housing, like roads, sewage systems, parks and other public amenities. <\/p>\n In 2012, then-Gov. Jerry Brown shut down redevelopment agencies statewide mainly to redirect their funds toward closing the state\u2019s massive budget deficit. But some cities and agencies also misused funds and took advantage of the system. <\/p>\n Before its dissolution, redevelopment agencies, like the one in San Marcos, helped cities create significant affordable housing stock with infrastructure that could support that housing. <\/p>\n \u201cWhile the particulars of what is missing do vary city to city, in so many cases, what we have is infrastructure that was built to accommodate development in the fifties and sixties,\u201d Bruvold said. \u201cAnd to be able to do infill mixed-use or infill residential development, we just need bigger infrastructure, and redevelopment would\u2019ve been a critical tool to do that.\u201d <\/p>\n